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Jacqueline du Pré

Background information

Birth name Jacqueline Mary du Pré

Born January 26, 1945(1945-01-26)

Flag of the United Kingdom Oxford, England, UK

Died October 19, 1987(aged 42)

London, England, UK

Genre(s) Classical

Occupation(s) Cellist

Instrument(s) Violoncello

Years active fl.ca. 1961-1973

Website ***.JacquelineduPre****

Jacqueline Mary du Pré, O.B.E.(January 26, 1945– October 19, 1987), was an English cellist, today acknowledged as one of the greatest exponents of the instrument. She is particularly associated with the Elgar Cello Concerto in E Minor; her interpretation of this work has been described as"definitive" and"legendary."

Biography

Early years

Born in Oxford, England, on 26 January 1945, Jacqueline du Pré was the second child of Derek du Pré, an accountant, and pianist Iris du Pré. At age four du Pré heard the sound of the cello on the radio and asked her mother for"one of those." She started with lessons from her mother, who composed little pieces accompanied by illustrations, before beginning study at the London Violoncello School at age five. Before long she was entering and winning local music competitions alongside her sister, flautist Hilary du Pré. Du Pré’s main teacher, from 1955 to 1961, was the celebrated cellist William Pleeth. Subsequently she also participated in a Pablo Casals masterclass in Zermatt, Switzerland in 1960, as well as short-term studies with Paul Tortelier in Paris in 1962, and with Mstislav Rostropovich in Russia in 1966. So impressed was the legendary Rostropovich with his young pupil that at the end of her study with him, he declared her"the only cellist of the younger generation that could equal and overtake [his] own achievement."

Career

In March 1961, at age 16, du Pré made her formal début at Wigmore Hall, London, and she made her concerto début in 1962 at Royal Festival Hall playing the Elgar Cello Concerto with the BBC Symphony Orchestra under Rudolf Schwarz. She performed at The Proms in 1963 playing the Elgar concerto again, with Sir Malcolm Sargent. Her performance of the concerto proved so popular she subsequently returned three years in succession to perform the work. Du Pré became a favourite at the Proms, performing in the British festival every year until 1969.

In 1965, at age 20, du Pré recorded the Elgar concerto for EMI with the London Symphony Orchestra and Sir John Barbirolli, which brought her international recognition. This recording has since become the benchmark reference for the work, and one which has never been out of print since its release over forty years ago. Du Pré also performed the Elgar with the BBC Symphony Orchestra under Antal Dorati for her United States début at Carnegie Hall on May 14, 1965.

Throughout her career, du Pré performed with the most prestigious orchestras and conductors, including the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony, London Philharmonic, New Philharmonia Orchestra, BBC Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Israel Philharmonic, and the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. She regularly performed with conductors such as Sir John Barbirolli, Sir Adrian Boult, Sir Malcolm Sargent, Daniel Barenboim, Zubin Mehta, and Leonard Bernstein.

Du Pré primarily played two Stradivarius cellos, the instrument of 1673, and the 1712 Davydov Stradivarius. Both instruments were gifts from her godmother, Ismena Holland. She performed with the 1673 Stradivarius from 1961 until 1964 when she acquired the Davydov. Many of her most famous recordings were made on this instrument, including the Elgar Concerto with Barbirolli, the Schumann Cello Concerto with Barenboim and the two Brahms Cello Sonatas. From 1969 to 1970 du Pré played a Francesco Goffriller cello, and in 1970 she acquired a modern instrument from the Philadelphia violin maker Sergio Peresson. It was the Peresson cello that du Pré played for the remainder of her career until 1973, including a second, live recording of the Elgar Concerto, and her last studio recording in 1971 of the sonatas by Frederic Chopin and César Franck.

Her friendship with musicians Yehudi Menuhin, Itzhak Perlman, Zubin Mehta, and Pinchas Zukerman, and marriage to Daniel Barenboim, led to many memorable chamber music performances, and the 1969 performance at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London of the Schubert Piano Quintet(the"Trout"), also resulted in a film, The Trout, made by Chris***her Nupen. Nupen made other films featuring du Pré, including Jacqueline du Pré and the Elgar Cello Concerto, a documentary featuring a live performance of the Elgar, and The Ghost, with Barenboim and Zukerman in a performance of the Piano Trio, Op. 70, no. 1 in D Major by Beethoven.

Awards

Du Pré received several fellowships from music academies and honorary doctorate degrees from universities, in acknowledgment of her contribution to music. She was the first recipient of the prestigious Guilhermina Suggia Award, at age eleven, and remains the youngest recipient. In 1960, she won the Gold Medal of the Guildhall School of Music in London and the Queen's Prize for British musicians. She was created an OBE in 1976. At the 1977 BRIT Awards, she won the award for the best classical soloist album of the past 25 years for Elgar's Cello Concerto.

Personal life

Jacqueline du Pré met pianist Daniel Barenboim on New Year's Eve in 1966. They were married the following June(1967) at the Western Wall in Jerusalem. Their marriage, for which she converted to Judaism, brought about one of the most fruitful relationships in the world of music; some commentators have compared this musical marriage to that of Robert and Clara Schumann. This was evidenced by the many performances of du Pré with Barenboim as either a pianist or conductor.

Du Pré’s sister Hilary was married to conductor Chris***her"Kiffer" Finzi, with whom Jacqueline had an affair from 1971 to 1972. According to Hilary and her brother Piers in their book, A Genius in the Family(ISBN 0434003441), which was made into the film Hilary and Jackie, the affair was conducted with Hilary's consent as a way of helping Jacqueline through a nervous breakdown. Reportedly, Hilary asked Jacqueline to sleep with Kiffer during her separation from Barenboim. In 1999, Clare Finzi, the daughter of Kiffer and Hilary, publicly criticized her mother's account and laid out a different version of events, in which her father was a serial adulterer who seduced her emotionally vulnerable aunt in a time of great need in order to gratify his own ego.

Anand Tucker's controversial 1998 film Hilary and Jackie is based on A Genius in the Family, and features Emily Watson as Jacqueline and Rachel Griffiths as Hilary. Although the film was a critical and box-office success, and received several Academy Award nominations, its portrayal of du Pré was derided by her close friends and associates as palpably untruthful.

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

In 1971, Jacqueline du Pré’s playing began an irreversible decline when she began to lose sensitivity in her fingers, as well as in other parts of her body.

She took a sabbatical in 1971 until 1972, recording her last studio album of sonatas by Chopin and Franck in December 1971. Although she did perform during her sabbatical, they were very rare occurrences.

In 1973 du Pré resumed her concert activities, but by that time the symptoms had become severe. In January 1973 she toured North America, and some of the concert reviews from that period were less than complimentary. It was an indication that her condition had worsened, although there were moments of brief respite from the symptoms, during which she played without noticeable problems. She performed the Elgar Concerto for her last London concerts in February 1973 with Zubin Mehta and the New Philharmonia Orchestra.

Her last public concerts were in New York in February 1973, where she was scheduled for four performances of the Brahms Double Concerto with Pinchas Zukerman, and Leonard Bernstein conducting the New York Philharmonic. Du Pré later recalled that she had problems judging the weight of the bow, and even opening the cello case had become difficult. As she had lost sensation in her fingers, she had to rely visually, to know where she had to play on the fingerboard. Although she managed three of the four dates, she canceled the last performance. Isaac Stern stepped in to replace du Pré, performing the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto.

In October 1973, she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, the disease that caused her health to deteriorate until her death in London on October 19, 1987, at age 42.

Her Davydov Stradivarius, purchased for slightly over a million pounds, is on loan to Yo-Yo Ma, while the 1673 Stradivarius, named the du Pré Stradivarius by Lynn Harrell as a tribute, is now owned by a female Russian cellist.[3] The 1970 Peresson cello is currently on loan to Kyril Zlotnikov, cellist of the Jerusalem Quartet.[4]

After du Pré’s death, an English rose was named after her. She was made an honorary fellow of St Hilda's College, Oxford, whose music building bears her name. She also left a legacy of recordings, which were later recompiled into new collections.

Selected discography

* Elgar: Cello Concerto/ Sea Pictures/ Overture:Cockaigne. Janet Baker. London Symphony Orchestra/Sir John Barbirolli EMI 0724356288720

* Brahms: Cello Sonatas. Daniel Barenboim EMI 0724356275829

* Haydn Cello Concertos Nos. 1& 2/ Boccherini Cello Concerto in B flat. English Chamber Orchestra/Daniel Barenboim. London Symphony Orchestra/Sir John Barbirolli EMI 0724356694828

* Beethoven: Piano Trios Opp.1& 97/ Variations and Allegrettos. Daniel Barenboim, Pinchas Zukerman EMI 0094635079821

* Beethoven: Piano Trio Op.70/Cello Sonatast No 3& 5. Daniel Barenboim, Pinchas Zukerman(Trio), Stephen Kovacevich(sonatas) EMI 0094635080728

* Jacqueline du Pré- The Early BBC Recordings. EMI 0724358623628

* Beethoven: Cello Sonatas. Daniel Barenboim EMI 0724358624229

* Brahms/Chopin/Franck:Cello Sonatas. Daniel Barenboim EMI 0724358623321

* Dvorak: Cello Concerto in B Minor/Schumann:Cello Concerto in A Minor New Philharmonia Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra/Daniel Barenboim EMI 0724356280526

* The Complete EMI Recordings(17CDs). Various co-performers. EMI 5099950416721

On DVD

* Remembering Jacqueline Du Pré(1994), directed by Chris***her Nupen

* Jacqueline du Pré In Portrait(2004), directed by Chris***her Nupen

* The Trout(2005), directed by Chris***her Nupen

* Hilary and Jackie(1998), dramatised portrait directed by Anand Tucker

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杰奎琳·杜普蕾（1945年1月26日－1987年10月19日），**大提琴演奏家。

简历

杰奎琳·杜普蕾Jacquelin du Pré生于1945年1月，牛津一个中产阶级音乐之家：她母亲是个不错的钢琴家也是个天才教师。这个法国姓来自她父亲那边源于Channel岛的祖籍。就在她要过五岁生日前，初露音乐才华的她在收音机上听到大提琴的琴声，坚决要求拉这个。

杜普蕾就学于Herbert Walenn的伦敦提琴学校，十岁时从师于William Pleeth. William Pleeth曾经在里斯本在Julius Kengel手下学琴。Pleeth的拉琴风格也是**豪迈的。后来杜普蕾相继跟随瑞士的Casals，巴黎的Tortelier，和莫斯科的 Rostropovich继续学业. 1956年获得Suggia奖，当时的评委会里包括Barbirolli。此奖是为了纪念1950年去世的葡萄牙大提琴手Suggia所设。

1959年杜普蕾**次公开表演她的埃尔加(Elgar)协奏曲；1960年赢得皇后奖杯(Queen’s Prize);1961年在伦敦**场演奏会成功完成，当时她的大提琴是一把1672年的Stradivarius.一年后她先后演奏了几场重要的埃尔加，其中包括**场后来成为历年传统的BBC音乐会。那一年开始George Malcolm成了她的奏鸣曲表演伙伴，而且二人开始联手为EMI录音。1964年她和Stephen Kovacevich成为协奏曲伙伴。并首场演出了Priaulx Rainier的协奏曲。同年一位不**的崇拜者送给她一把1712年的Stradivarius，‘Davydov’,此琴成为她今后的演出器材。到1965年她的声誉已经渐渐升高，1965年当她录制了她那场**的埃尔加协奏曲之后，成为了有目共睹的一颗灿烂明星。同年她首次在美国演出。

1967年她与丹尼尔·巴伦波伊姆（Barenboim）结婚。年底与小提琴手Pinchas Zukerman的会面促使后来三人组成了一个演出团。并录制了贝多芬和柴科夫斯基的三重奏。此时，全世界几乎都拜倒在杜普蕾裙下：她与Vladimir Ashkenazy, Itzhak Perlman, Zubin Mehta等年轻且充满魅力的音乐家成为了朋友。她本人也成为举世瞩目的*有名的演奏家之一。但是，从1971年七月开始，她开始受到一种奇怪病魔的骚扰，手指开始会偶尔失去知觉。她的演出开始受到影响。后来她的病被诊断为综合硬化症(Multiple sclerosis)，经历了一系列的病痛反复发作之后，她于1973年退出乐坛。她试图教授音乐，但是*终因为病症加重，于1987年十月病逝于伦敦家中。